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ideal calculus

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  • Calculus ratiocinator — The Calculus Ratiocinator is a theoretical universal logical calculation framework, a concept described in the writings of Gottfried Leibniz, usually paired with his more frequently mentioned characteristica universalis , a universal conceptual… …   Wikipedia

  • Calculus of variations — is a field of mathematics that deals with extremizing functionals, as opposed to ordinary calculus which deals with functions. A functional is usually a mapping from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often formed as definite …   Wikipedia

  • Calculus (dental) — Heavy staining and calculus deposits exhibited on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, along the gumline. In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by the continual accumulation of… …   Wikipedia

  • Functional calculus — In mathematics, a functional calculus is a theory allowing one to apply mathematical functions to mathematical operators. The term was also used previously to refer to the calculus of variations. If f is a function, say a numerical function of a… …   Wikipedia

  • History of calculus — History of science …   Wikipedia

  • Ethical calculus — The term ethical calculus, when used generally, refers to any method of determining a course of action in a circumstance that is not explicitly evaluated in one s ethical code. A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a recent development in… …   Wikipedia

  • Mueller calculus — is a matrix method for manipulating Stokes vectors, which represent the polarization of incoherent light. It was developed in 1943 by Hans Mueller, then a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Light which is… …   Wikipedia

  • Imaginary calculus — Imaginary Im*ag i*na*ry, a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal. [1913 Webster] Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? Addison.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • logic, history of — Introduction       the history of the discipline from its origins among the ancient Greeks to the present time. Origins of logic in the West Precursors of ancient logic       There was a medieval tradition according to which the Greek philosopher …   Universalium

  • Differentiable manifold — A nondifferentiable atlas of charts for the globe. The results of calculus may not be compatible between charts if the atlas is not differentiable. In the middle chart the Tropic of Cancer is a smooth curve, whereas in the first it has a sharp… …   Wikipedia

  • mathematics — /math euh mat iks/, n. 1. (used with a sing. v.) the systematic treatment of magnitude, relationships between figures and forms, and relations between quantities expressed symbolically. 2. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) mathematical procedures,… …   Universalium

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